二进制搭建Kubernetes集群(最新v1.16.0版本)
生产环境k8s平台架构
- 单master集群

- 多master集群(HA)

官方提供三种部署方式
-
minikube Minikube是一个工具,可以在本地快速运行一个单点的Kubernetes,仅用于尝试Kubernetes或日常开发的用户使用。 部署地址: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/
-
kubeadm Kubeadm也是一个工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。 部署地址: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
-
二进制 推荐,从官方下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群。 下载地址: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases
服务器规划
| 角色 | IP | 组件 |
|---|---|---|
| k8s-master-01 | 192.168.2.10 | kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduller etcd |
| k8s-node-01 | 192.168.2.11 | kubelet kube-proxy docker etcd |
| k8s-node-02 | 192.168.2.12 | kubelet kube-proxy docker etcd |
系统初始化
- 关闭防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
- 关闭selinux:
setenforce 0 # 临时
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
- 关闭swap:
swapoff -a # 临时
vim /etc/fstab # 永久
- 同步系统时间:
ntpdate time.windows.com
- 添加hosts:
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.2.10 k8s-master-01
192.168.2.11 k8s-node-01
192.168.2.12 k8s-node-02
- 修改主机名:
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master-01
Etcd集群部署
安装cfssl工具
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
在任意节点完成以下操作
生成etcd证书
[root@k8s-master-01 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/{k8s-cert,etcd-cert} -p
[root@master01 ~]# cd /usr/local/kubernetes/etcd-cert/
创建用来生成 CA 文件的 JSON 配置文件
[root@k8s-master-01 etcd-cert]# vim ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
创建用来生成 CA 证书签名请求(CSR)的 JSON 配置文件
[root@k8s-master-01 etcd-cert]# vim ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
生成CA证书(ca.pem)和密钥(ca-key.pem)
[root@k8s-master-01 etcd-cert]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
2019/10/07 18:14:49 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2019/10/07 18:14:49 [INFO] generate received request
2019/10/07 18:14:49 [INFO] received CSR
2019/10/07 18:14:49 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2019/10/07 18:14:50 [INFO] encoded CSR
2019/10/07 18:14:50 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 241296075377614671289689316194561193913636321821
[root@k8s-master-01 etcd-cert]# ls
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
创建 etcd 证书签名请求
[root@k8s-master-01 etcd-cert]# vim server-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.2.10",
"192.168.2.11",
"192.168.2.12"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
生成etcd证书和私钥
[root@k8s-master-01 etcd-cert]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
2019/10/07 18:18:00 [INFO] generate received request
2019/10/07 18:18:00 [INFO] received CSR
2019/10/07 18:18:00 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2019/10/07 18:18:00 [INFO] encoded CSR
2019/10/07 18:18:00 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 344196956354486691280839684095587396673015955849
2019/10/07 18:18:00 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@k8s-master-01 etcd-cert]# ls
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem server.csr server-csr.json server-key.pem server.pem
部署etcd
etcd二进制包
下载地址:https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases
[root@k8s-master-01 etcd-cert]# cd ..
[root@k8s-master-01 kubernetes]# mkdir soft
[root@k8s-master-01 kubernetes]# cd soft/
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# tar xf etcd-v3.4.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# mv etcd-v3.4.1-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
设置etcd配置文件
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.2.10:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.2.10:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.2.10:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.2.10:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.2.10:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.2.11:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.2.12:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
说明: ETCD_NAME 节点名称 ETCD_DATA_DIR 数据目录 ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS 集群通信监听地址 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS 客户端访问监听地址 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS 集群通告地址 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS 客户端通告地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER 集群节点地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN 集群Token ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE 加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
创建etcd系统服务
[root@master01 soft]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
拷贝证书
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# cp ../etcd-cert/{ca,server-key,server}.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
拷贝配置到其他节点并修改配置
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.2.11:/opt/
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.2.12:/opt/
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.2.11:/usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@k8s-master-01 soft]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.2.12:/usr/lib/systemd/systemroot@172.16.1.66:/usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@k8s-node-01 ~]# vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
修改ETCD_NAME为节点的ETCD_NAME,url的ip地址为节点对应ip
启动并检查
在每个节点启动etcd并加入开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd.service
systemctl enable etcd.service
检查集群状态
[root@k8s-master-01 bin]# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.2.10:2379,https://192.168.2.11:2379,https://192.168.2.12:2379" cluster-health
member 272dad16f2666b47 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.2.11:2379
member 2ab38a249cac7a26 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.2.12:2379
member e99d560084d446c8 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.2.10:2379
cluster is healthy
如上输出,则etcd部署没有问题
部署Master组件
生成证书
创建用来生成 CA 文件的 JSON 配置文件
[root@k8s-master-01 k8s-cert]# cd /usr/local/kubernetes/k8s-cert/
[root@k8s-master-01 k8s-cert]# vim ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}